Specifications of Chlorine USA Lonza 70% granular details like after:
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1.Product name/Other names |
Chlorine USA Lonza / Calcium Hypochlorite-Lonza |
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2.Product information |
Chemical Formula : Ca(ClO)2 Chemical content: 70% Origin : US (United State) Packaging : 45Kg/1 barrel |
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3.Application |
✅ US Chlorine Lonza is used forfor the main purpose:
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4.Reference content/dosage |
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5.Instructions for use |
Please contact us (here) so we can advise you best suited to your needs! |
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6.Storage |
Store in a dry place, away from direct sunlight. |
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7.Imported/Distributed by |
Viet My Chemicals – VMC GROUP |
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8.Other notes |
Related applications of Chlorine USA Lonza 70% granular.
» Chlorine was tested in Belgium in 1903 and was first used in Chicago (USA) in 1908. In addition, chlorine is also used as a strong oxidant to oxidize reducing agents in water (Fe2+, Mn2+, H2S, NO2–, …). In Vietnam, chlorine is also commonly used to treat aquaculture water, especially intensive farming of giant tiger prawns and catfish. Using chlorine properly will bring practical benefits to users, but if used improperly, it will cause harm to the environment and humans.
Effects and disinfection effectiveness of various forms chlorine
Cl2 + H2O = HOCl + HCl HOCl = OCl– + H+ Calcium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite are soluble in Water also produces OCl–. The presence of chlorine forms depends on the pH of the water (see the figure above), the Cl2 form is not present when the pH is greater than 2, HOCl is the most common form when the pH is in the range of 1-7.48, HOCl=OCl– when pH = 7.48 and OCl– is higher than HOCl when the pH is above 7.48. The sensitivity of microorganisms to chlorine forms depends greatly on the rate of diffusion into the cell, HOCl is about 100 times more effective in disinfecting than OCl– because HOCl has a small molecular size and is neutral in charge, so it diffuses into the cell more easily than OCl–. Therefore, chlorine is only highly effective in disinfecting when the pH is less than 6. Chlorine should not be used when the pH is greater than 7.48 and lime should not be added before disinfecting water. Spores of microorganisms are able to tolerate higher concentrations of chlorine than vegetative cells because chlorine has difficulty diffusing through the spore wall. The mechanism of action of chlorine in disinfection is that HOCl reacts with the glucose-oxidizing enzyme system and metabolic activities, resulting in cell death. This reaction is related to the oxidation of HOCl to enzymes containing HS– radicals. Most viruses do not have enzymes containing HS–, so chlorine has almost no effect on killing or inactivating viruses (except in some specific cases where it is indicated). To kill freshwater microorganisms, 1.5 mg/L of Cl (equivalent to 6 mg/L of Ca(OCl)2 70%) can be used. In brackish environments, due to the often high pH, disinfection should be performed at a concentration of 5-7 mg/L of Cl (equivalent to 20-30 mg/L of Ca(OCl)2 70%). Oxidative effect of chlorine Chlorine (Cl2, NaOCl, Ca(OCl)2) also oxidizes inorganic reductants (Fe2+, Mn2+, NO2– and H2S) and organic compounds. These oxidation reactions often convert toxic substances into nontoxic substances. Cl2, HOCl, and OCl– are also reduced to the less toxic form Cl–. To oxidize 1 mg/L of H2S, Fe2+, Mn2+ and NO2– required 8.5 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L, 1.3 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L of Cl, respectively. Therefore, the presence of organic and inorganic compounds in water increases the chlorine dosage for disinfection. The harmful effects of water disinfection with chlorine Free chlorine (Cl2, HOCl and OCl–) remaining in water will be toxic to shrimp, fish and aquatic organisms. The maximum allowable concentration of free chlorine for aquatic organisms is 0.01 mg/L. At a concentration of 0.1 mg/L, free chlorine can kill most marine plankton and a free chlorine concentration of 0.37 mg/L can kill fish. Therefore, after disinfection, dechlorination or strong aeration should be performed for 3-5 days before releasing fish. Dechlorination can be performed after disinfection with Na2S2O3; to remove 1 mg/L Cl, 6.99 mg/L Na2S2O3 is required. C12 + 2Na2S2O3·5H2O → Na2S4O6 + 2NaCl + 10H2O In a nutrient-rich environment, ROCL reacts with NH3 to form chloramine compounds (NH2Cl, NHCl2 or NCl3), which are stable, have a long retention time and are also toxic to organisms. Chloramine compounds have the same effect as NO2–, they react with Hemoglobin to form Methemoglobin, causing brown blood disease and reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (fish float). Therefore, chlorine should not be used to kill algae and bacteria in ponds, as it will reduce the growth and survival rate of fish. In an environment rich in organic matter, HOCl will react with CH4 and other elements in water to form Trihalomethane compounds (CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2, …). Trihalomethanes (THMs) are toxic compounds to aquatic organisms and humans, and are considered carcinogens in humans and animals. Trihalomethanes are very stable, they can accumulate in the body of animals and be transmitted from one organism to another in the food chain. The EPA (USA) limit for the amount of THMs in water after chlorine treatment must be less than 80 µg/L. Thus, chlorine is effective in disinfecting small-sized organisms, but is not very effective in treating spores of microorganisms and viruses. Chlorine should only be used to disinfect water sources at the beginning of the farming season. Chlorine should not be treated when pond water is rich in nutrients and organic matter in the middle and end of the farming season.
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